Fresh Ideas blog

Sweeping yearlong examination of farmers markets nationally finds economic, social and technological roadblocks for SNAP recipients

NEW YORK CITY – (July 15, 2010) – According to a sweeping, independent national study of farmers markets, economic, social and technological barriers prevent many Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants from buying fresh and healthy food at farmers markets in their neighborhoods. This lack of access should be considered not only a fundamental health issue for SNAP participants, but a loss of potential income for farmers. Redirecting existing federal funds, as well as instituting changes at the community level, can minimize these barriers.

Developers of the study unveiled its findings today at Brooklyn Borough Hall Greenmarket, a farmers market the researchers consider as a model for community markets selling to SNAP participants.

In “Real Food, Real Choice: Connecting SNAP Recipients with Farmers Markets,” which can be downloaded at www.foodsecurity.org or www.farmersmarketcoalition.org, the Community Food Security Coalition (CFSC) and Farmers Market Coalition (FMC) sought to define and measure the challenges farmers markets face in serving the growing number of SNAP participants nationwide and offer a road map for improvement.

At the Brooklyn Borough Hall Greenmarket, CFSC and FMC were joined by GrowNYC, New York City Council Speaker Christine C. Quinn and Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz.

While popularity and availability of farmers markets has burgeoned nationwide, the report found a significant and widening challenge for markets seeking to serve federal nutrition program participants, many of whom already have limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables. These challenges also make it difficult for local farmers to participate in and benefit from tens of billions of dollars distributed through federal nutrition programs.

This groundbreaking report focuses primarily on SNAP recipients. Recipients receive SNAP benefits, formerly known as food stamps, on EBT (electronic benefits transfer cards). Though the percentage is growing, less than 20 percent of farmers markets have EBT terminals. SNAP transactions at farmers markets accounted for a mere .008 percent of total SNAP transactions nationwide in 2009. This rate of expenditure is 25 times less than all American consumers spent at farmers markets last year.

Among the reasons, according to the report:

•    EBT terminals are expensive to purchase and operate. Also, successful EBT programs require a significant investment of labor. Many farmers markets are volunteer-run or do not have the funds or staffing to implement these programs.
•    Currently, there does not exist any technical assistance program to help markets share information about successful models to speed up the pace of innovation across the country. Each market is forced to "reinvent the wheel."

Among other findings in the report:

•    Many SNAP shoppers are not aware of the existence of farmers markets or that a growing number of markets accept EBT cards. Even when farmers markets do become SNAP-authorized retailers, barriers such as cultural or language obstacles, inconvenient hours, product mixes, transportation and perceptions that market prices are higher persist.
•    With USDA programs like “Know Your Farmer, Know Your Food” and White House programs like “Let’s Move” creating momentum, there is an historic opportunity for the USDA and Congress to connect nutrition policy with agricultural policy.

“Farmers markets improve access to healthy foods in areas underserved by retail grocers,” said Andy Fisher, executive director of the Community Food Security Coalition. “Seen in this light, the inability of SNAP recipients to use their benefits at farmers markets – along with other barriers – is a fundamental health issue.”

Among the report’s recommendations:

•    USDA and other government and private funders can support leadership development within the farmers market community by facilitating the development and capacity of state and regional farmers market organizations.
•    Similarly, government organizations should fund a nationwide technical assistance program that provides train-the-trainer, mentorship and teaching opportunities for farmers market leaders to disseminate best practices in a peer-to-peer format.
•    Farmers markets fulfill a public service by operating EBT terminals. They should not bear the entire cost of operation. USDA, public agencies, state groups, community-based nonprofits and foundations should subsidize these operational costs.
•    Farmers markets should evolve and experiment with new models that can address convenience, product, price perception and cultural issues.
•    The government can increase education and outreach efforts for SNAP shoppers to increase patronage of farmers markets.
•    Congress should explore the creation of incentive programs to entice SNAP shoppers to attend farmers markets as part of the 2012 Farm Bill.

And, among its conclusions:

•    Portions of the tens of billions of dollars the federal government already spends on federal food programs should address the increasing rates of diet-related diseases among its beneficiaries.
•    The federal government should redirect expenditures away from subsidizing unhealthy foods and towards the incentivizing of healthier foods.
•    Similarly, the government should direct expenditures away from subsidizing corporate concentration in the food system and towards supporting family-scale and locally based agriculture.

“We know that farmers markets play an important role in improving access to fresh fruit and vegetables for ALL consumers, especially in impoverished communities that have been abandoned by grocery stores,” added Fisher. “We felt it was important to conduct this study to uncover and recognize the barriers to success these farmers markets are facing as well as to determine solutions to achieving positive outcomes in low-resource communities.”

The research process included literature reviews, surveys and phone interviews. The report reflects a spectrum of state-level stakeholders including SNAP agencies, anti-hunger advocates, statewide farmers’ market associations and state departments of agriculture. Much of the research was concentrated in 15 states, some at the vanguard of this issue, and others lacking significant leadership capacity altogether. Each of these states, however, is in one way or another representative of the myriad of challenges and potential solutions.

GrowNYC has been operating farmers markets in lower-income communities across New York City for decades. Its Greenmarket program is the largest open air farmers’ market program in the country and knows first-hand the challenges in administering SNAP benefits at market.  

“In the past ten years, we’ve tried and tested several approaches to getting EBT at our Greenmarkets,” said GrowNYC Executive Director Marcel Van Ooyen. “Finally in 2005, with support from Christine C. Quinn and the New York City Council, we have established a successful national model.”

"One of our biggest priorities at the City Council has always been fighting hunger in New York City, and improving access to healthy and nutritious foods.  GrowNYC saw its EBT sales grow from $1,000 in 2005 to more than $250,000 in 2009," said New York City Council Speaker Christine C. Quinn.  "I'm so very proud our funding was able to make healthy food more accessible in New York City for SNAP recipients.  Now so many other farmers market programs in cities and communities across the country can utilize GrowNYC’s model and the reports’ findings to create their own successes."


ABOUT COMMUNITY FOOD SECURITY COALITION
The Community Food Security Coalition (CFSC) is a North American coalition of diverse people and organizations working from the local to international levels to build community food security. CFSC’s diverse membership includes 450 organizations from social and economic justice, anti-hunger, environmental, community development, sustainable agriculture, community gardening and other fields dedicated to building strong, sustainable, local and regional food systems that ensure access to affordable, nutritious and culturally appropriate food to all people at all times. For more information, visit www.foodsecurity.org.

ABOUT FARMERS MARKET COALITION
Farmers Market Coalition (FMC) is a national organization that provides educational resources, networking and technical assistance to local, state and regional farmers market organizations. With the support of its members, FMC represents farmers markets at the state and federal levels, communicating their needs and garnering public and private support for their long-term growth and sustainability. For more information, visit farmersmarketcoalition.org.

In a recent CNN video, Anna Lappé calls the heartbreaking disaster in the Gulf an "inevitable outcome of a set of corporate policies" on the part of BP. Although her latest book focuses on the connections between agriculture and climate change, it isn't a far stretch to realize that the BP oil spill is a symptom of these much larger issues.

In fact, Diet for a Hot Planet, which was released just before the spill, specifically discusses the power of skilled corporate greenwashing to inoculate against public outrage when something tragic and preventable happens.  As Anna highlights on Grist, BP has long-standing reputation of greenwashing.  Will the public continue to buy it?

For more from Anna, check out this fantastic interview in The Nation.  You can also watch a fascinating discussion with Raj Patal, Anna and Francis Moore Lappé at the Commonwealth Club.

Michelle Mascarenhas-Swan, a 2002-2004 Food and Society Fellow, wrote a thought-provoking piece on re-framing the climate crisis for On the Commons, a network of citizens and organizations exploring new ways to achieve social justice, environmental harmony and democratic participation at all levels of society.

In December, a delegation of racial, economic, and environmental justice organizers went to Copenhagen for the UN Climate Negotiations to help shift the dialog toward "real solutions" for the communities most affected by the climate crisis.  Although the negotiations were widely considered unsuccessful on this front (and most others as well), Michelle argues that "the 'Copenhagen moment' must now rapidly become the 'people’s moment' as activist groups prepare for Mexico City in November 2010 and the larger struggle ahead.

Here's an excerpt from the article, Toward a World of Many Worlds:

Our challenge today is to re-write the story of the kind of victory that we’re fighting for. Our new story needs to be believable, irresistible, and worth fighting for.

The finale of the story of our victory will be a post-globalized world based on local democracies, driven to meet residents needs in an equitable way and deeply rooted in a relationship to ecological place. It will be a world where many worlds fit, where there are a million different solutions to the question of how we should meet our needs and a million different forms of local participatory economies that emerge to meet these needs.

So, if that’s the finale of the story that we’re working towards, how does the plot unfold over the chapters in the story where we shift out of our current fossil fuel-driven, industrial growth-driven world that is rooted in exploitation and oppression and into this world that makes space for many different liberatory worlds? What are our central tasks towards winning that transition?

First, we need to cultivate an ecological sense rooted in our land-based traditions. We need to learn with and from Indigenous and land-based people’s ways of knowing. This includes asking and listening to our living ancestors and elders and to new immigrants in our communities. We need to draw upon the laws of nature: symbiosis, limits, cycles, balance, zero waste. And we need to cultivate a reflective, responsive relationship to place. We shouldn’t call for going “back to the land;” we should build a “take back the land” movement.

Second, we need to work towards a transition that quickly shifts us out of a green capitalism agenda towards a resilience agenda by winning local equitable control of resources and by investing in the work required to shift us from a “get mine” to a “share ours” world. This means shifting from “green hard hats” to “green roles.”

Read the full article at On the Commons.

An adaptation of Paul Greenberg's book, “Four Fish: The Future of the Last Wild Food,” will be featured on the cover of Sunday's New York Times Magazine.  Greenberg, a 2007-2008 Food and Society Fellow, writes prolifically on global fisheries, and his latest book will be published next month by Penguin Press.

Tuna’s End

By Paul Greenberg

On the morning of June 4, in the international waters south of Malta, the Greenpeace vessels Rainbow Warrior and Arctic Sunrise deployed eight inflatable Zodiacs and skiffs into the azure surface of the Mediterranean. Protesters aboard donned helmets and took up DayGlo flags and plywood shields. With the organization’s observation helicopter hovering above, the pilots of the tiny boats hit their throttles, hurtling the fleet forward to stop what they viewed as an egregious environmental crime. It was a high-octane updating of a familiar tableau, one that anyone who has followed Greenpeace’s Save the Whales adventures of the last 35 years would have recognized. But in the waters off Malta there was not a whale to be seen.

What was in the water that day was a congregation of Atlantic bluefin tuna, a fish that when prepared as sushi is one of the most valuable forms of seafood in the world. It’s also a fish that regularly journeys between America and Europe and whose two populations, or “stocks,” have both been catastrophically overexploited. The BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, one of only two known Atlantic bluefin spawning grounds, has only intensified the crisis. By some estimates, there may be only 9,000 of the most ecologically vital megabreeders left in the fish’s North American stock, enough for the entire population of New York to have a final bite (or two) of high-grade otoro sushi.

Read more in The New York Times Magazine Preview.